The Russia-Ukraine war, which escalated in 2022, has complex historical, geopolitical, and strategic roots. The top three causes often cited are:
1. NATO Expansion: One of Russia's primary grievances is the eastward expansion of NATO, the Western military alliance. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, several former Eastern Bloc countries and former Soviet republics joined NATO, a move that Russia saw as a threat to its security. Ukraine's potential NATO membership became a red line for Russia, which feared the military alliance's proximity to its borders.
2. Crimea and Eastern Ukraine: Tensions between Russia and Ukraine have been simmering since 2014 when Russia annexed Crimea, a strategic peninsula that had been part of Ukraine. Around the same time, Russian-backed separatists in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of eastern Ukraine declared independence, leading to a prolonged conflict. Russia's support for these separatists and its refusal to recognize Ukraine's sovereignty over these areas has been a significant cause of the war.
3. Ukrainian Alignment with the West: Since Ukraine's 2014 Revolution of Dignity, which ousted the pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych, Ukraine has increasingly aligned itself with Western institutions, seeking closer ties with the European Union and NATO. This shift toward Western integration was seen by Russia as an attempt to pull Ukraine out of its sphere of influence, leading to deeper tensions and contributing to the 2022 invasion.
These causes intertwine geopolitical strategies, territorial disputes, and deep-seated historical tensions between Russia and Ukraine, contributing to the ongoing conflict.
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